Category Archives: Latest Publications

  • April 30, 2023
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TRADE OPENNESS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA

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TRADE OPENNESS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA

BY

AJALA MOSHOOD ABIOLA

08163384338

 AND

LAWAL WASIU ADEKUNLE

07031692008

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, SCHOOL OF SECONDARY EDUCATION. (ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES PROGRAMMES)

OYO STATE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LANLATE,

OYO STATE

Abstract

Trade policy is a major determinant of agricultural output in Nigeria which is considered as one of the many ways through which the nation’s economy could grow. Agricultural sector in the country is one of the sectors in which the economy has a comparative advantage. It provides raw materials for the teeming industries in the country and also constitutes the largest employer of labour (statistical Bulletin 2019). The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship that exists between trade openness and agricultural output in Nigeria. The methodology adopted was the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, while the Cobb Douglas production theory was adopted. The data for the study was time series data spanning 39 year. Test of stationarity and the study was conducted using the Philips Perron (PP) approach. The findings revealed that the Degree of Openness had a positive relationship with agricultural output (T= 0.72). It further revealed that Government Expenditure on Agriculture had a negative correlation with the agricultural output or VAO (T= 1.28) which negate the a-priori expectation. Labour participation in agriculture was positively related and was significant to the value of agricultural output (T=11.48). The study recommends among others that government should regulate trade activities, most especially at the land borders of the country as it will help improve the outcomes of trade openness.

Keywords: Trade Openness, Agricultural Output, Nigeria

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CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA

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CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA

By

Baba Mohammed Badori, Yaya Manu and Babagana Kachalla

School of Business Studies

Federal Polytechnic Damaturu Yobe State

Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TET Fund) Sponsored Study

Abstract

This study was designed to examine the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of listed licensed commercial banks in Nigeria. Panel data was used to conduct the empirical study which was extracted from the annual reports of 11 selected commercial banks for the period from 2010 to 2022. Total debt to total assets ratio, long term debt to total assets ratio, and short-term debt to total assets ratio were used to measure the capital structure. Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) were employed as financial performance measures. Size of the banks and growth in banks deposit will be considered as control variables. Data collated were analyzed using correlation analysis, pooled OLS regression analysis, fixed effect panel analysis, random effect panel analysis, granger causality analysis, as well as post estimation test such as restricted f-test of heterogeneity and Hausman test. The results from the model, that is total debt to total assets ratio were significantly negatively related to ROA, however it is equally observed that growth in banks deposit was significantly and positively related to ROA. Size, short term debt to total assets ratio and long-term debt to total assets ratio has also observed. Random effect model was considered as the most suitable model to examine the relationship between capital structure and ROE.

Keywords: Debt, Growth in banks deposit, Bank size Return and assets Return on equity.

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  • April 29, 2023
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EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT AND RISK OF VARIOUS BUILDING COLLAPSE IN NIGERIA

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EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT AND RISK OF VARIOUS BUILDING COLLAPSE IN NIGERIA

*Emekoma C.C, 1Weli, V.E and Umeuduji, J.E

1, Department of Geography and Environment Management (Centre for Disaster Risk Management) 

 University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State 

Corresponding Author; machrisgroup@yahoo.com

Abstract

The study evaluated the impact and risk of various building collapse in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to; Identify the risk associated with various building collapse in Southern region Nigeria and to examine the impact of building collapse on livelihood in Southern region Nigeria. Data relied on both primary and secondary sources, stratified random sampling was adopted to select the population. Data analysis was achieved using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of this study revealed that economic/financial risks, physical risks, socio-political risks, environmental risks, maintenance risk and legal risk were the major risks associated with building collapse and that building collapse led to loss of property and investment, loss of accommodation/displacement of persons, loss of employment opportunities, loss of manpower (Fatality) and decrease in GDP of the economy. It was therefore recommended that the agencies of government saddled with the responsibility of ensuring safety and construction of houses should diligently undertake their functions and the supervision of construction projects by properly trained professionals.

Keywords; Impact, Risk, Building collapse, Manpower, Employment opportunities.

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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Fresh Water Samples from Egbema in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni L.G.A. in Rivers State.

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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Fresh Water Samples from Egbema in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni L.G.A. in Rivers State.

Ukpe, Aniefiok, Emem1; *Nwosu, Oluchi Ulunma2; Eze, Chinwe Catherine3; Edafe, Augustine Emokiniovo4; Ekotogbo, Ogbite Daniel5

1,5Department of Environmental Management, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria;

2Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria;

3Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria;

4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State School of Marine Technology, Burutu, Delta State.

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT

This study determined the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) on Fresh Water Samples from Egbema Commnities in OGBA/EGBEMA/NDONI L.G.A of RIVERS STATE.  The fresh water samples for this work were collected in February, 2017 from natural water bodies within Egbema Community in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area (ONELGA) in Rivers State, Nigeria. The concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) and physicochemical parameters were determined. The physicochemical parameters were done to ascertain water quality. The parameters determined did not exceed the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) and Nigeria (FMENV, 1992). The Total Dissolved Solid was 98.1±16.88 mg/l, Total Suspended Solid was 68.5±10.29 mg/l, Turbidity was 1.6±0.011 NTU and pH was 7.4±1.05. The mean concentration and standard deviation of PAH’s across the sampled areas showed that Egbema sampled communities had 4.7±0.23 μg/l, with a range of 4.0 – 5.1 μg/l. The mean concentration and standard deviation for the study stood at 3.3±0.18 μg/l with a range of 1.4 – 6.0 μg/l.

Key Words: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, freshwater, physicochemical parameters, water quality

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ASSESSMENT OF REMEDIAL MEASURE AND TREND OF BUILDING COLLAPSE IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA

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ASSESSMENT OF REMEDIAL MEASURE AND TREND OF BUILDING COLLAPSE IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA

*Emekoma C.C,  Weli, V.E, and Umeuduji, J.E

 Department of Geography and Environment Management (Centre for Disaster Risk Management) 

 University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State 

*Corresponding Author: machrisgroup@yahoo.com

Abstract

The aim of this research was to assess remedial measure and trend of building collapse in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to; identify remedial measures to building collapse, Evaluate the trend of building collapse from 1974-2021 and to analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence of building collapse across the southern region of Nigeria.. Data relied on both primary and secondary sources; stratified random sampling was adopted to select the Population. Data analysis was achieved using descriptive and inferential statistics. Geospatial techniques were employed to generate spatial variation mapping of building collapse. Findings as from the study revealed that the lowest incidence of building collapse was witnessed in the cities of Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, Ebonyi and Bayelsa States while the highest incidence of building collapse was witnessed in Lagos. Furthermore it was seen that there is a rising trend of building collapse from 1970 to 1980. Similarly, from 1990 to 2000 witnessed another sequence of rising trends in the incidence of building collapse. The incidence of building collapse across the selected states was not significantly varied. It was therefore recommended that Regulatory Agencies should collaborate with professional bodies to ensure adequate supervision of design work, quality of materials and workmanship at different stages of construction projects and adequate training of professionals should be vigorously undertaken periodically.

Keywords: Remedial, Building collapse, Southern Nigeria

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  • April 25, 2023
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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, INCOME AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT OF PERSONS IN BAYELSA AND DELTA STATES

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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, INCOME AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT OF PERSONS IN BAYELSA AND DELTA STATES

BY

EDAGOBO, Justin Oghenovo

Department of Guidance and Counselling

Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated emotional intelligence, income and marital adjustment of married persons in Delta and Bayelsa States. The purpose is to establish if there is relationship between emotional intelligence, income and marital adjustment among married persons in Delta and Bayelsa States. Two research questions were raised and were hypothesized to guide this study. The study adopted the correlational survey design with the population of seven thousand, two hundred and thirty-two (7,232). This entails three thousand, seven hundred and sixteen (3,716) from Warri and three thousand, five hundred and sixteen (3,516) from Yenagoa Metropolis. The multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select one thousand two hundred (1,200) respondents. The research instrument is 30 items, 4-point modified likert scale questionnaire titled “Emotional intelligence, Income and Marital Adjustment Scale” (EIMAS). The Cronbach Alpha Statistics and it yielded a reliability index (α) of 0.97 for emotional intelligence, 0.91 for income and 0.84 for marital adjustment. The data obtained was analysed using the Coefficient of Determination and Regression statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that there is significant relationship between income and marital adjustment of married persons in Bayelsa and Delta States. However, there is no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and marital adjustment among married persons. Based on the findings, it is recommended that married persons should pay attention to and adopt effective family financial management practices to enhance better marital adjustment. There is need to reconsider the emotional health of the marital relationship among married persons. Finally, couples with and without instability issues are advised to seek family counselling services.

Keywords: Marital Adjustment, Marriage, Emotional Intelligence, Income

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  • April 24, 2023
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Generation, Characteristics and Uses of Industrial Wastes as Construction Materials: A Review

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Generation, Characteristics and Uses of Industrial Wastes as Construction Materials: A Review

*Irefin, M.O, Okeke, O.C, Okeukwu, E.K, Ezeala, H. I and C.C. Amadi

Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author’s email: wunmiirefin@gmail.com

Abstract

Industrial wastes can be defined as wastes generated by industrial activities which are made up of materials that are made worthless through manufacturing operations. For example, scrap metal, slag, fly ash, sludge, paints, etc. Industrial wastes can be classified based on their properties and effects into; industrial solid wastes and industrial liquid wastes. Industrial solid wastes are any type of solid by-product of an industrial process. Industrial solid waste can be generated by manufacturing procedures such as: electric power creation, iron and steel manufacturing, the utilization of agricultural chemicals and inorganic chemicals, plastics and resins manufacturing, water treatment. Industrial liquid wastes are any waste product that leave the production facility in liquid form. Industrial liquid wastes can be produced at chemical plants, manufacturing facilities, and pharmaceuticals factories; that all generate wastewater, and typically on an extensive scale. Industrial wastes can be very harmful for us and our environment. Having said that, what may be considered wastes in one industry can be used as raw materials in some other industry. For example, Industrial wastes in the agricultural industry (rice husk) can be used for making concrete in the construction industry. The main uses of industrial wastes in the construction industry include; 1. Soil stabilization: is the method of enhancing the shear strength parameters of soil and consequently increases the bearing capacity of soil. Soil stabilization using cement and lime may not always be required due to the availability of cheaper additives which may be used to modify the soil properties. This is due to their Pozzolanic properties. 2. Construction Materials; due to the unsustainability of natural resources in construction, eg sand, crust, cement and water, it is necessary to use industrial wastes materials (fly ash, foamed slag, sludge, bagasse ash, etc) in construction as better environmental, performance and economic alternatives.

Keyword: Industrial wastes, Pozzonalic, Soil Stabilisation, Construction, Environment

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  • April 23, 2023
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Spatial analysis of net radiation and sensible heat flux across selected south-south states in Nigeria

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SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF NET RADIATION AND SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ACROSS SELECTED SOUTH-SOUTH STATES IN NIGERIA

*Nworah, O.A.; Weli, V.E.; and Nwagbara, M.O.

Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers state

*Corresponding Email Address: otasnworah@gmail.com

Abstract

The increase in population invariably translates to higher demand for energy, exacerbating atmospheric pressure. Continuous environmental exploitation activities influencing urbanization and deforestation have overtime impacted on the surface energy flux. The study carried out spatial analysis of net radiation and sensible heat flux of Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Rivers states in Nigeria. The remote sensing data sources were from Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) Algorithm with Landsat 8, OLI & TIRS sensors data downloaded from USGS site (2021). The downloaded imageries were imported into the ArcGIS 10.7 environment where further geospatial analyses were performed. The computation for net radiation was from surface albedo (𝛼), with land surface temperature K and solar constant of 1367 W/m2 and earth sun distance of 0.9845086. For sensible heat flux, these parameters were utilized: Soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), Leaf area index (LAI), momentum roughness, wind speed, temperature gradient and aerodynamic resistance. Findings revealed minimum net radiation values of 411.462 W/m2 for Akwa Ibom state; 416.415 W/m2 for Cross River state; and 403.537 W/m2 for Rivers state. The highest maximum net radiation of 1231.15 W/m2 was observed in Cross River state. The range of sensible across states were between 476.95 (H) and 47.64 (H) for Akwa Ibom state; and between 614.34 (H) and 178.67 (H) for Cross River state; and between 596.49 (H) and 136.26 (H) for Rivers state. Findings showed that anthropogenic activities have a significant effect on surface energy balance. Thus, higher surface heat fluxes experienced in built up areas can be mitigated through afforestation and urban greening especially in cities across south-south states Nigeria.     

Keywords: Net radiation, Sensible heat flux, Spatial analysis, Landsat OLI, SEBAL Algorithm, ArcGIS 10.7

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  • April 22, 2023
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Development of Termite Mound Clay Bricks for Rural Housing

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DEVELOPMENT OF TERMITE MOUND CLAY BRICKS FOR RURAL HOUSING

Ali S. Umara1*, Baba Gana Makinta1, Amina S. Gimba1, Mohammed Umar1

1Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, 620221, Yobe State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: alishettima2@gmail.com

Abstract

Bricks represent one of the most used materials for the construction of buildings, but rising demand of building materials and increased construction and demolition wastes have encouraged the development of new building material. Clay bricks remain the most widely used materials in the building and construction industries, due to their good qualities, low cost and versatility compared to other materials for building purposes. In this study, bricks were developed using termite mount soil. River Sand and White Portland cement were used as a stabilizing agent. Mix proportion of termite soil to sand of 5:2 ratio are considered. White Portland cement of 20% was used as replacement for Termite mound clay soil (TMCS). Preliminary test on the materials are performed in terms of Sieve Analysis, Bulk Density, Atterberg Limit and Compaction test. Water absorption, compressive strength, and thermal resistance of bricks were also determined. The thermal resistance of the brick specimen at different temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°, 800°C and 1000°C are determined in electrical muffle furnace and samples are burnt for 1 hour. The outcome indicates that the brick can withstand temperature up to 1000ºC. The water absorption results show that that the bricks resistance to water penetration is satisfactory. The average results of compressive strength value of 1.88 N/mm² obtained at 21 days is greater than 1.6 N/mm² specified by ARS 682 (1996) Standard, this shows that the bricks are good for construction.

Keywords: Termite mount soil, Bricks, Liquid limit, plasticity index, compressive strength, water absorption, Thermal resistance

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Geotechnical Study of some Gully Erosion Sites at Ihiteowerri, South Eastern Nigeria.

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GEOTECHNICAL STUDY OF SOME GULLY EROSION SITES AT IHITEOWERRI, SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA.

*Mbonu, E. J., Okeke, O.C., Akujieze, C. N., Imasuen, O.I.S and Obayanju, T. A

Department of Geology, University of Benin, Benin city, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Gully erosion propagation is associated with hazards which include destruction of arable soil and infrastructures. This study is aimed at evaluating the interplay between the soil geotechnical parameters, geomorphology and hydrogeology of the study area in the gully formation and associated hazards. The study area was situated on a steep drainage slope range from (200 to 320). The lithology is mainly thick homogenous loose uncompacted and cohesionless lateritized sediments, with brownish colour. Three gully erosion sites (Abor, Ogbaka and Umuchukwu) were identified in the study area. Nine soil samples were collected from different depths of the three gully sites and their geotechnical properties including grain-size distribution, atterberg limit, compaction test, specific gravity, and shear strength were analyzed. The results indicate that the soil sites are predominantly fine to medium grain, with percentage fraction range from 61.3% to 77.2% and silt/clay range from 13.1% to 26.9%.  Coefficient of uniformity ranges from 4.0 to 13.3 indicating medium graded. Liquid limit ranges from 20.52% to 33.7%, with moderate plasticity range from 11.50% to 29.04% and plasticity index range from 1.44% to 16.24%, slightly dry. Maximum dry density ranges from 1.72 Mg/m3 to 1.91 Mg/m3, Optimum moisture content range from 8.8% to 12.6%, with medium Porosity range from 8% to 12%, and low Permeability range from 1.6 x 10-1 cm3/sec to 9.0 x 10-2 cm3/sec. Specific gravity ranges from 2.50 to 2.56. Shear strength result show low Cohesion value range from 1.0KN/m2 to 6.0KN/m2, with friction angle range from 8.290 to 25. 00. The result revealed that gully erosion development and propagation in Ihiteowerri as a result of susceptibility of the loose cohesionless sediments to the high kinetic force of overland flow from the steep drainage slope.  The large lateral extent of the gully sites and deep gully incision was as a result of occasional fall by slumping of the near vertical gully slope side walls. From the study, integrated measures for erosion control by designing adequate drainage network and afforestation is recommended.

Keywords: Ihiteowerri, gully erosion sites, soil erodibility, geotechnical parameters, geomorphology, overland flow

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