Generation, Characteristics and Uses of Industrial Wastes as Construction Materials: A Review

April 24, 2023
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Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author’s email: wunmiirefin@gmail.com

Abstract

Industrial wastes can be defined as wastes generated by industrial activities which are made up of materials that are made worthless through manufacturing operations. For example, scrap metal, slag, fly ash, sludge, paints, etc. Industrial wastes can be classified based on their properties and effects into; industrial solid wastes and industrial liquid wastes. Industrial solid wastes are any type of solid by-product of an industrial process. Industrial solid waste can be generated by manufacturing procedures such as: electric power creation, iron and steel manufacturing, the utilization of agricultural chemicals and inorganic chemicals, plastics and resins manufacturing, water treatment. Industrial liquid wastes are any waste product that leave the production facility in liquid form. Industrial liquid wastes can be produced at chemical plants, manufacturing facilities, and pharmaceuticals factories; that all generate wastewater, and typically on an extensive scale. Industrial wastes can be very harmful for us and our environment. Having said that, what may be considered wastes in one industry can be used as raw materials in some other industry. For example, Industrial wastes in the agricultural industry (rice husk) can be used for making concrete in the construction industry. The main uses of industrial wastes in the construction industry include; 1. Soil stabilization: is the method of enhancing the shear strength parameters of soil and consequently increases the bearing capacity of soil. Soil stabilization using cement and lime may not always be required due to the availability of cheaper additives which may be used to modify the soil properties. This is due to their Pozzolanic properties. 2. Construction Materials; due to the unsustainability of natural resources in construction, eg sand, crust, cement and water, it is necessary to use industrial wastes materials (fly ash, foamed slag, sludge, bagasse ash, etc) in construction as better environmental, performance and economic alternatives.

Keyword: Industrial wastes, Pozzonalic, Soil Stabilisation, Construction, Environment

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March 2, 2023
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Board Attributes and Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure of Oil and Gas Companies Listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group

Tags : Board Independence Board meeting Board Size CSR committee Environment Governance Social

Category : Latest Publications

BOARD ATTRIBUTES AND ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURE OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES LISTED ON THE NIGERIA EXCHANGE GROUP

Utile, Bem Joseph

Department of Accounting, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi

E-mail: utilebem@gmail.com

Soomyol M. T.

Department of Accounting, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi

Zayol P.I.

Department of Accounting, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi

Ayantse C.A.

Department of Accounting, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi

Abstract

This study examined the effect of board attributes on environmental, social and governance disclosure (ESG) of Oil and Gas companies listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group (NGX). Specifically, the study examined the effect of board magnitude, board cooperate social responsibility committee, board financial expertise and the independence of the board of directors on the ESG disclosure of Oil and Gas companies listed on the NGX. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design; Data were sourced from annual report of Oil and Gas companies listed on the NGX. The major technique of data analysis was the multiple regression analysis. Findings from the analysis revealed that; Board magnitude, and independent board of directors have no significant effect on ESG disclosure by oil and gas companies listed on the NGX. It was also found that board Cooperate Social Responsibility Committee, board financial expertise and board meetings have significant effect on ESG disclosure of Oil and Gas companies listed on the NGX. It was recommended that since board size of the companies investigated is large, monitoring responsibilities should be given to some members of the board to check ESG disclosure. Also, priority should be given to CSR committees to enable them properly check ESG activities and recommend proper disclosure. It was further recommended that the composition of the board should be made up of more members with financial expertise to further boost ESG disclosure. In addition, it was recommended that Oil and Gas companies should encourage the appointment of more non executive independent directors. It was also recommended that since board meeting enhances ESG disclosure, the board is encouraged to meet more frequently to improve ESG disclosure.

Key words: Environment, Social, Governance, Board size, Board independence, Board meeting and CSR committee.

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